Ecological Significance, Emerging Challenges and Conservation Strategies for Samaspur Wetlands in RaeBareli, Uttar Pradesh

Abstract

Wetlands are critical ecosystems that provide biodiversity support and essential ecological services such as groundwater recharge, carbon sequestration, and habitat for diverse species. The Samaspur Wetland in Rae Bareli, Uttar Pradesh, designated as a Ramsar Site in 2019, harbors more than 250 species of resident and migratory birds, including globally threatened taxa, along with diverse fish and aquatic vegetation. It also sustains local livelihoods through fishing, agriculture, and eco-tourism. However, the wetland faces severe threats from pollution, overfishing, invasive species, agricultural runoff, grazing, and urban expansion. This review emphasizes Samaspur ecological significance, identifies emerging challenges, and proposes integrated conservation strategies involving ecological monitoring, community participation, and policy enforcement